Detecting and avoiding threats before an incident can occur. This is involves a reasonable, context-dependent and proportionate degree of situational awareness combined with a knowledge of and sensitivity to specific potential indicators of an impending incident. Topics in this area include:
-Perceiving anomalies or deviations from the baseline norm which might serve as indicators prior to an incident taking place, such as from physical behavior, autonomic responses, interpersonal and environmental interaction, etc.
-Recognizing information elicitation and other social engineering techniques and strategies as well as appropriate responses.
-Surveillance detection and countermeasures
-Conflict de-escalation
-Defensive driving